Childhood cancer: Testicular and ovarian tumors

There are benign and malignant tumors.
Tumors of testes or ovaries occur at a frequency of about 4 cases per 1 million people. It can be both benign or malignant tumors.

The symptoms are very typical.
Typical symptoms of ovarian cancer have a palpable mass in the pelvis, abdominal pain and possibly a premature onset of puberty, when the tumor produces hormones. Testicular tumors usually fall to a swelling of the testes and (in hormone-producing tumors) by a premature onset of puberty. ) For the formation of daughter tumors (metastases may occur in both ovarian and testicular tumors as well as including the lymph nodes, lungs and liver.

A comprehensive diagnosis is necessary.
The symptoms are so typical that quickly follows the suspicion of the existence of a testicular or ovarian tumor. The diagnosis can be confirmed by further investigations: blood and urine tests (among others) the determination of hormone levels, ultrasound examination and computer and / or magnetic resonance imaging.

Tumor classification of ovarian tumors:
Treatment depends on the individual patient at the present stage of the disease. These are for the following stages of ovarian tumors to be distinguished:

* Stage IA: Tumor limited to one ovary.
* Stage IB: Tumor limited to both ovaries.
* Limited stage IC: Tumor limited to one or both ovaries, while tumor growth from the interior of the ovary to the body surface, tumor cells in the peritoneal cavity detected.
* Stage IIA: extension of the tumor to the uterus and / or one or both fallopian tubes.
* Stage IIB: extension of the tumor to other pelvic organs.
* Stage IIC: The spread of the tumor in the pelvis, and the detection of tumor cells into the peritoneal cavity.
* Stage IIIA: The histological examination on the detection of peritoneal metastasis outside the pelvic area.
* Stage IIIB: With the naked eye a possible detection of metastases larger than 2 cm at the outside of the pelvic peritoneum.
* Stage IIIC: metastases in other organs.


Tumor classification for testicular tumors:
In the case of testicular tumors following classification is made:

* Stage IA: Tumor limited to testis and adjacent organs.
* Stage IB: Tumor in the testis and the spermatic cord in a tumor or fail in the abdominal cavity (-) located testes.
* Stage IC: tumor in the testicle with extension into the skin of the scrotum.
* Stage IIA: lymph node involvement, which then grow to a size of about 2 cm.
* Stage IIB: At least 1 enlarged lymph nodes with tumor involvement in 2 to 5 cm.
* Stage IIC: lymph nodes in the rear portion of the abdominal cavity with tumor involvement increased to a size of about 5 cm.
* Stage IID: Palpable, located tumor in the abdomen or not movable, located in the groin tumor nodules.
* Stage IIIA: tumored lymph nodes in the mediastinum (in the thoracic cavity between the two lungs) and / or in the pit above the collarbone, no existence of additional metastases in other organs.
* Stage IIIB: detection of metastases in the lung (less than 5 metastases per lung, the size of the metastases under 2 cm.
* Stage IIIC: More than 5 metastases in the lung or size of lung metastases greater than 2 cm.
* Stage IV: spread of the disease with metastases in the liver, bone and / or brain and / or spinal cord.


Cure 85 - 0 percent.
The rate of long-term cure is diminished with increasing tumor stage and also depends on the type of tumor. It achieved Langzeitheilungsraten between 85 percent and 0 percent.